The Importance of Biff in Arthur Millers Death of a...

The Importance of Biff in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller The play Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, follows the life of Willy Loman, a self-deluded salesman who lives in utter denial, always seeking the American Dream, and constantly falling grossly short of his mark. The member’s of his immediate family, Linda, his wife, and his two sons, Biff and Happy, support his role. Of these supportive figures, Biff’s character holds the most importance, as Biff lies at the center of Willy’s internal conflicts and dreams, and Biff is the only one in the play who seems to achieve any growth. Biff’s role is essential to the play because he generates the focus of Willy’s conflict for the larger part, his own conflict is†¦show more content†¦Be liked and you will never want, says Willy(1363). The amount of aggravation generated by Biff’s lack of motivation and desire to be successful makes Biff’s role extremely important. The play also spends quite a bit of time focusing on Biff’s own conflict, which is basically his father. In his youth, he shared his father’s great aspirations for himself. He was captain of the football team, and had plans for college and then a career in business afterwards. Biff was absolutely obsessed with pleasing his father, who was flawless in his eyes. All of this changed, however, when Biff found his father in a Boston hotel room with another woman. After that, Biff laid down and died like a hammer hit him (1392). Biff had never dreamed for himself, being concerned only with fulfilling his father’s wishes. When Biff realized that Willy was not the great man that he thought he was, his dreams became nothing to him, as had his father. And so, Biff became a drifter, living only on a day to day basis. Lastly, Biff is the only character who achieves any real growth in the play. Throughout the play Linda has remained static, always steadfastly supporting Willy, and believing he is incapable of flaw. At Willy’s funeral, HappyShow MoreRelated Destruction of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagesof ideals in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success. It is the belief that, no matter how poor you begin life, you can achieve upward social mobility for your family and children. Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, crushes the ethos of the American Dream. Miller’s ability to portray this delusional idea through the life and relationships of Willy Loman, a typical, low income American, is exquisite. America, in 1949, was experiencing an economic boom, and Miller preciselyRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1573 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresents a character with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the main character falls from high authorit y and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Bloom 2). Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and theRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the main character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Irving 247). Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and theRead More Reality and Illusion in Arthu r Miller’s Death of a Salesman Essay1088 Words   |  5 PagesReality and Illusion in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman In Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, a major theme and source of conflict is the Loman family’s inability to distinguish between reality and illusion.   This is particularly evident in the father, Willy Loman.   Willy has created a fantasy world of himself and his family.   In this world, he and his sons are men of greatness that â€Å"have what it takes† to make it in the business environment.   In reality, none of them can achieveRead More Death Of A Salesman Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesthe protagonist and a superior force and having a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion that excites pity or terror. Miller’s explains that a tragic hero does not always have to be a monarch or a man of a higher status. A tragic hero can be a common person. A tragedy does not always have to end pessimistically; it could have an optimistic ending. The play Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, is a tragedy because it’s hero, Willy Loman, is a trag ic figure that faces a superior source, being the AmericanRead MoreDeath of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1105 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play, Death of A Salesman, Arthur Miller depicts the dissolution of the American family, as well as the decline of the prosperous lifestyles that defined past generations, illustrating the theme of American decadence. From page one, the idea is set in motion by Miller that â€Å"the mighty have fallen†; that society clearly is no longer a place of opportunity. In this play, Miller puts forward the idea that opportunities of past generations in areas such as education and vocation are now nonexistentRead More Willy Lomans Illusions and Delusions in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman796 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Lomans Illusions and Delusions in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman    Charley says something in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman that sums up Willy’s whole life. He asks him, When the hell are you going to grow up† (Miller 97)?   Willy spends his entire life in an illusion, seeing himself as a great man who is popular and successful.   Willy exhibits many childlike qualities and his two sons Biff and Happy pattern their behavior after their father.   Many of these qualities, such asRead More Death of a Salesman is a Tragedy as Defined in Millers Tragedy and the Common Man1046 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of a Salesman is a Tragedy as Defined in Millers Tragedy and the Common Man In Tragedy and the Common Man, Arthur Miller discusses his definition and criteria for tragedy as they apply to the common man. The criteria and standards proposed by Miller may be used to evaluate his timeless work, Death of A Salesman. The first major standard of tragedy set forth is:   â€Å"...if the exaltation of tragic action were truly a property of the high-bred character alone, it is inconceivable thatRead More The Power of Love in Death of a Salesman Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesThe Power of Love in Death of a Salesman   Ã‚   Love is one of the most confusing emotions that one can experience. It is simple yet complicated, unconditional but demanding, overused and unique. It is hard to explain what its means to feel love, to feel loved, or to be in love, however, there are aspects of love that are easily expressed. For example, ones unquestionable affection to the one they love, or the hardships and sacrifice that is endured for loved ones, and the underlying factRead More Importance of Self-Image in the Loman Family1483 Words   |  6 Pages Published in 1949, Arthur Miller’s Death of Salesman is a post Second World War American drama that highlights the plight of isolation and desolation experienced by the common man, as symbolized by Willy. The play deals with the society, life’s absurdity, various internal and external conflicts, death and above all, the tragedy of existence. It is located in the industrial society of the twentieth century where the pressure to succeed and the financial difficulties seem insurmountable. The play

The Body Ritual of the Nacirema Essay - 615 Words

The Body Ritual of the Nacirema It is human nature to describe ones own culture as the most advanced and most intellectual. Unfortunately, it is also common practice to look down upon the practices of another culture because they are not similar to ones own traditions. The ability to do this can sometimes be a damaging characteristic for society as a whole. Horace Miner realized the implications of egocentric views and wrote a groundbreaking essay to open societys eyes to their biases. The Body Ritual of the Nacirema was written by Horace Miner for shock value. The article describes the rituals of a people which on the surface seem to be barbaric and highly out of date for that time at which the article was†¦show more content†¦Other practices described seemed so nonsensical like that of a people the believed in witchery, or rituals of putrid or outlandish that a readers stomach could turn from learning of some of the rituals these people partake in. In a reflection of this essay one would think of how undeveloped this culture is, yet on further investigation the reader would come to discover the true identity of the people being described. This barbaric, unruly, and unsophisticated society Horace Miner had just described in such detail was the American people! Knowing the true meaning of the article upon rereading it once more the ideas and traditions click. The somewhat fabricated or concealed details of all those traditions make sense and one can understand exactly what Miner is describing. In fact, one probably participates in these practices himself! Miner?s creative writing style in this essay was critical to the effect it had on his readers. The disdain the reader felt at first when reading the description of this people soon turns into an embarrassment of sorts because one realizes that he has been fooled. Miner tricks his reader so well that there really should be no feelings of resentment for the way Miner presents the information he has gatheredShow MoreRelatedThe Body Ritual Among the Nacirema737 Words   |  3 PagesHRM582 The Body Ritual Among the Nacirema The Body Ritual Among the Nacirema As an individual coming to investigate American civilization through the observation of cultural activities, I find the ritual of medicine men and women (doctors, psychiatrists and pharmacists) very interesting. â€Å"Medicine man or medicine woman are  English  terms used to describe  traditional healers  and spiritual leaders among  Native American  andRead MoreNacirema - Body Ritual in Anthropology757 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessor from the University of Michigan, Horace Miner, wrote an article in The American Anthropologist that has become a mainstay of learning for anthropology students. Miner published the article to show a fictional exotic society called â€Å"Body Ritual among the Nacirema† as an example of how one’s own limited perspective might affect the perception of a foreign culture (Miner, 1956, p. 503). The article uses subtle humor to make the reader more comfortable in examining cultural behaviors, physical appearanceRead MoreBod y Ritual Among the Nacirema1031 Words   |  5 PagesBody Ritual among the Nacirema Name Course Sociology Date 6/12/2013 Body Ritual among the Nacirema Horace Miner in the article, Body Ritual Among the Nacirema depicts a society that is growing naturally, but which has transformed itself into a ritual tribe. In this article, the tribe, Nacirema, is a tribe that has transformed itself naturally and which has incorporated a lot of beliefs and religious tendency forRead MoreBody Ritual Among the Nacirema948 Words   |  4 PagesJanuary 26, 2013 Horace Minor applied satire in his article â€Å"Body Ritual among the Nacirema.† to the culture of the American people. Several ways in which â€Å"Body Ritual among the Nacirema† relate to the core concepts of sociology are through the use of sociological imagination, ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. The American culture is described by Minor in a very unique and humorous way. The author uses satire to examine the rituals that are every day in American culture. The reader thinks atRead MoreBody Rituals Among the Nacirema1097 Words   |  5 PagesBody Rituals Among the Nacirema Abstract This study examines Horace Miner’s essay â€Å"Body Rituals Among the Nacirema. While using the participant observation approach, he gives us a new perspective on the daily behaviors within this group of people. Exploring ethnocentrism and how we view cultures outside of our own. Horace Miner was a professor for the University of Michigan. He sought out to teach young people the importance of cultural anthropology. (Horace Mitchell Miner - Wikipedia, theRead MoreBody Rituals Among the Nacirema Essay925 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Body Rituals Among the Nacirema, â€Å" by Horace Miner, is an essay written about the Nacirema, or American people, from an outsider’s perspective. Miner gives an insight on the Nacireman people, which he describes in his essay as an unknown tribe, and the completing of the Nacireman’s magical beliefs and practices, which involve daily, involuntary body rituals that cause much pain and discomfort. Miner shows how an outsider’s perspective can affect the way a culture is seen. In his essay, Miner usesRead More Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay699 Words   |  3 PagesBody Ritual Among the Nacirema What is the precise geographical location of this strange tribe, the Nacirema? The Nacirema is a North American group living in the territory between the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles. Little is known of their origin, though tradition states that they came from the east. What are the private and secret shrines of the Nacirema? In the Nacirema, the belief is that the human body is ugly andRead MoreBody Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesWould you want to live among the Naciremas? Why or why not? After reading Horace Miner’s Body Ritual Among the Nacirema I cannot say that I would want to be part of the tribe. A huge reason would be that I could never go from my own Christian faith to the religious practices of the Nacirema. My second reason for not wanting to be part of the tribe is that I could never be subjected to the horrific medical practices and â€Å"magical potions† used on every citizen in the tribe. One of the fundamentalRead MoreBody Rituals Among the Nacirema Tribe421 Words   |  2 PagesBody rituals among the Nacirema tribe The story relates to how we seek perfection on our bodies. It demonstrates how people will perform extreme procedures to achieve perfection, and even after this they will still feel they are ugly and not perfect. The rituals performed by the Nacirema tribe may seem inhumane, but if compared to our current culture and the procedures people perform on their bodies there is no much difference. I viewed the things they did as bizarre, but on close analysis of ourRead MoreSummary of Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay726 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema† Summary In the essay â€Å"Body Ritual Among the Nacirema†, anthropologist Horace Miner depicts a group of people known as the â€Å"Nacirema†, but is referring to Americans, whose cultural beliefs are deeply rooted in the perspective that the human body is prune to sickness and disfiguration. Consequently, a substantial part of their lives is spent on unusual rituals and customs to improve conditions of the body that are filled with magical components. Moreover, Miner uses

The Devil in the Shape of a Woman Free Essays

The Devil in the Shape of a Woman by Carol Karlsen (1987) astutely focuses attention upon the female as witch in colonial New England, thus allowing a discussion of broader themes regarding the role and position of women in Puritan society. Karlsen’s work, which has been well-received, focuses on the position of accused witches as largely females placed in precarious social and economic positions, often because they stood to inherit, had inherited, or lost an inheritance in property. Karlsen departs from the idea that women accused of witchcraft were boisterous beggars, a depiction â€Å"tantamount to blaming the victim† (Nissenbaum) and instead points to these â€Å"inheriting women† as being socially vulnerable in a patriarchal culture. We will write a custom essay sample on The Devil in the Shape of a Woman or any similar topic only for you Order Now Karlsen’s work is not merely of historical significance to the Salem outbreak of 1692. In fact, â€Å"that year remains something of an anomaly† (Nissenbaum) as one-third of the accused witches then were male compared to less than one-fifth of accusations made otherwise in colonial New England. Instead, Karlsen’s study brings â€Å"women strongly back to center stage, locating them in a rich patriarchal matrix that integrates it with class and family. † (Nissenbaum). One reviewer notes that within this context, Karlsen offers significant insights. The first is a look at the â€Å"ambivalent assessment of women within New England’s culture. † (Gildrie). Karlsen finds a scenario marked by its time and place in which women embodied the â€Å"Puritan ideal of women as virtuous helpmeets† (Boyer). In an odd duality, women were both the new stewards of God’s spiritual leadership on earth, while subservient to a Medieval, misogynist gender role which largely placed their fate at the hands of men. Secondly, Karlsen focuses attention on the accusers and finds that they were engaged in a â€Å"fierce negotiation†¦ about the legitimacy of female discontent, resentment, and anger. † (Karlsen; see Gildrie). Accusations of witchcraft were often an outlet where this negotiation boiled over into violence, as men persecuted female neighbors who threatened an established, but precarious, social order. The crucial thesis on which much of the book rests is that witchcraft accusations were most often made against women who threatened the orderly transfer of land from father to son – a process at best fraught with tension and anxiety and at worst marked by the shift of scarce, valuable properties from one family to another by way of an intervening woman in a patriarchal inheritance system. The possessed girls played a dual role in this â€Å"symbolic cultural drama† in which they rebelled against the social role to which they had been predestined at birth by simultaneously acquiescing in that role by resisting the â€Å"witch. If nothing else, Karlsen’s recent work proves that there is still room for substantial study and scholarship surrounding witchcraft, gender, and other issues in colonial New England. One commentator writes, â€Å"Karlsen’s study is provocative, wide-ranging, accessible, and frank. † (Lindholt). Another, that the book’s â€Å"descriptions and analyses stand on their own as valuable contributions to our knowledge of witch lore and the ambiguous status of women in early New England. † (Gildrie). Paul Boyer and Stephen Nissenbaum, whose Salem Possessed set the standard for social histories of the outbreak in Salem, find that Karlsen’s work is one of â€Å"formidable intellectual power† and â€Å"a major contribution to the study of New England witchcraft. † It places the central role of women as witches under the microscope and â€Å"for the first time as the subject of systemic analysis† a considerable 300 years after the events transpired. Karlsen’s work is required reading for the student, scholar, or general reader seeking to understand and interpret the broad picture of colonial witchcraft in New England. How to cite The Devil in the Shape of a Woman, Papers

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Sexuality in the Life of St. Augustine

Joseph Stalin Childhood and Early Years

Joseph Stalin Childhood and Early Years Free Online Research Papers Joseph Stalin, probably the man with the highest record of mass murders in history, with about 20 million deaths1, posed himself as the man who would take Russia from its bad government and wars to restore it and make it an advanced country. His desire of greatness and possession made him commit terrible crimes in order to reach his wanted power. Joseph Stalin was probably the man that brought Russia back to power but it was also the worst mistake that could ever happen in the history of the Soviet Union. On December 21st, 1879, Joseph Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, was born in Gori, Georgia2. Joseph Vissarionvich, also known as Joseph Stalin, was born in a poor family. His father, Vissarion Dzhugashvili was a modest shoemaker who had his own shop. Ekaterina Georgievna, Stalin’s mother, was born serf, so she didn’t have much capital. His parents were very protective, since their first three children died and Joseph was born with a poor health. In several occasions his mother feared that he would also die. Unfortunately, after some years, his father became an alcoholic. This made his business fail and he became violent and abusive with his wife and kid. Also, he grew up in a violent place, where gang warfare, wrestling tournaments and street fighting was seen every day. When he was seven years old, he contracted smallpox. Even though he survived, he had scars in his face. Some children were mean to him and they called him â€Å"Pocky.† Later, when he came to power, he had his photos retouched to make marks less apparent. Later, in 1888, when Joseph was nine years old, his mom took him to the Gori church school3. Thanks to his intelligence and commitment, he did very good and was accepted. In Gori church school, his classmates were mostly sons of priests, officials and merchants. But being in a lower class wasn’t a barrier and he was always known as the best student. He wrote poetry and sang in the choir. Furthermore, his father wanted him to be a shoemaker. When he found out he was studying, he made a big scandal in Gori. He smashed the windows in the tavern and attacked a town police men. This was a huge crime, so he was banished from Gori and ended up in Tblisi, leaving his family in Gori. When he was twelve, he was struck by a horse-drawn carriage twice, so he was taken to a hospital in Tblisi. His father kidnapped him and enrolled him as an apprentice shoemaker. His mother took him back to Gori and his father cut their financial aid. Finally, he graduated in the Gori Church School in 1894, when he was only 154. After he turned 16, he got free scholarship to the Tiflis Theological Seminary, in Tblisi. He was drawn to Georgian Patriotism and he knew more about Russian culture. It was in high school that Joseph learned, in a forbidden book from the public library, about the ideas of Karl Marx. In Marx’s writings, religion was just a tool used to oppress workers and soon all workers would rebel against factory and private businesses owners. Joseph took this personally since he was sent by his mother to the seminary to become a priest. He then felt he had to take vengeance of all people who made him feel inferior. While he was at the seminary, he read forbidden books like Victor Hugo novels. He insisted his classmates to call him â€Å"Koba† after a protagonist of the novel The Patricide. He then joined a secret organization called Messame Dassy. Members were supporters of Georgian independence from Russ ia. In May 1899, Stalin was expelled from the TiflisTheological Seminary5. He disrespected the authority, read forbidden books and tried to convert his classmates to Marxism. For some months, after his expulsion, Stalin was unemployed. After some time, he found work by giving private lessons to middle class students. Then, he worked as a clerk at the Tiflis Observatory and sometimes wrote articles in a socialist newspaper. During his early twenties, Joseph became a political agitator. He convinced workers to strike and was always chased by authority. At the age of 22, in 1901, Stalin joined the Social Democratic Labor Party, so he stayed in Russia where he organized industrial resistance to Tsarism6. On April 18, 1902, he was arrested because he planned a strike at a large plant in Batum7. He spent one year and 6 months in prison, and later he was deported to Siberia. At the Second Congress of the Social Democratic Labor Party, in 1903, two party leaders had an argument; Lenin and Julius Martov, Martov won8. Martov’s followers where known as Mensheviks. Lenin’s followers were known as Bolsheviks. In 1904, Stalin escaped from Siberia to plan strikes in Tiflis9. 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Pol 300 class discussions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Pol 300 class discussions - Assignment Example The next time speculations are such that the games could be held in South Africa and most of the countries that lost will rise up to be future winners. The United States will receive much publicity based on the wide coverage of the players and, marketing of their products to be used in the games. As a result, the per capita will rise. The course has broadened my outlook on international events. The subject introduces various issues that are addressed in world concept and promotes the idea of integration at the international concept. The course raises the perspective of unity, peace, problems, and events where different states come together for a common goal. Events at the international level lead to establishment of networks that promote development and growth (Thomas, 1988). The events also help in the identification of flaws in various states that require attention and amendments as well challenges in the nations that need to be solved. At the same time, international events help in solution of problems since ideas are provided and information is shared. Innovation is also enhanced and new ways of doing things are learnt during these events (Thomas,

Management portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Management portfolio - Essay Example Project size can range from small to medium and the type could be large scale creation and type of built environment for example regeneration. Some of the critical determinants essential for full-fledged functionality of Civil Engineering the cross-functional processes adding value to the civil engineering system through effective concept and value designs. Some of the important areas of focus to enumerate the aspects of civil engineering are Each of the categories plays a pivotal role to understand the aspects of civil engineering and relationship between civil engineering and the respective categories and functions. Finally, there is a need to devise a document control process to ensure the accuracy of the information and also research on the relevance of the same in various aspects. The entire portfolio is supported with effective case studies, schematic diagrams and data tables for better understanding and application. It is important to understand the regulatory requirements in civil engineering for better functionality of the stream. These regulatory requirements are Health and Safety, Environmental and other specific regulatory like Buildings, Railways and Highways. In order to correlate the Health, Safety and Environmental aspect of management with the civil engineering management, there are many postulated theories explaining the need for the same.Risk involved in any health and safety is the accidents. An accident is an unplanned, uncontrolled event that resulted in personal injury, property damage and/or some other loss, or could have resulted in personal injury, property damage and/or some other loss in slightly different circumstances Case study example CLIENT COMMITMENT AND ATTITUDE TO CONSTRUCTION HEALTH AND SAFETY IN BOTSWANA Objective To identify present findings of a preliminary survey on the extent to which clients are involved in construction health and safety (H&S) implementation in Botswana. Methodology - A questionnaire survey was conduct ed on construction projects to establish the extent to which clients are involved in construction H&S. Physical observations were also conducted on construction sites in order to relate questionnaire responses to what was actually obtained on sites.  

Analyze the article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Analyze the article - Assignment Example he LED bulbs but affects the environment owing to a change in food chain from attracting more insects making them easy food for predators and being shipped away in ships. The article is about the use of LED bulbs that use 90%less energy than incandescent bulbs and â€Å"lasts 100,000 hours compared with 1,000 hours for tungsten filament light bulbs† (Zolfagharifard, 2014). However, despite being good for the environment, the article basing on the findings of New Zealand-based institute Scion, states that the LED lights have a problem to insects that are more attracted by LED spectrum of light. Blue light generated by LED lights attract insects and they â€Å"claim the attraction can be fatal, causing flies to be thrown off their usual path and into the jaws of predators, disrupting the food chain† (Zolfagharifard, 2014). The other concern is that LED light â€Å"near ports could attract flying pests, such as the gypsy moth (pictured), that are accidentally transported by ships† (Zolfagharifard, 2014). The article mainly deals with the impact of LED light attraction of on insects including high rate of insects being eaten by predators and transportation on ships and the relation of these on the food chain. The findings of the institute relating to the impact of the LED light is interesting and requires the need for better understanding the new technology to avoid harming the environment and altering the food chain. The impact of article to me is that it changes my view on the LED light that I have always believed to be a worthy invention and there is a need to determine ways to reduce the attraction of insects to LED

Promoting a Healthy Environment for Children

Promoting a Healthy Environment for Children Contents (Jump to) Introduction Task 1: The Principles Underpinning the Rights of Children to a Healthy Lifestyle and Environment 1.1 Legislation that Supports Children Rights to a Healthy Lifestyles 1.2 The Concept of Global Rights in Relation to Children’s Health and Well-being Task 2: The Factors that Affect the Health of Children 2.1 Influence of the Wider Environment on the Lifestyle of the Children 2.2 The Range of Factors That May Affect the Health of Children at Different Times in Their Lives 2.3 Assessment of the effects of these factors in ways that show an understanding of the implications of each factor Task 3: How to Plan and Implement Routines and Activities for Children 3.1 How to Plan and Implement routines for Children which Will Support Their Rights to a Healthy Lifestyle 3.2 How to Plan and implement activities for children that can contribute to promoting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle Conclusion Reference Introduction Creating and promoting a healthy environment for the children is undoubtedly a very important concern as only if they grow as a healthy adult, they are capable of contribute to the society at the fullest. Being healthy means being physically, mentally, spiritually and emotionally fit. The diet of the children have to contain necessary nutrition and calorie, the children can be made aware of the importance of a healthy by reading books, poems or watching cartoons, films they can relate with. The schools can have posters and games to encourage them in maintaining the hygiene. Playing games and doing physical exercise is also very important, it improves their physical health as well as their social skills. As the children are at the development stage, they, should not be pushed to anything, they must be allowed to rest and start when they are ready again. The parents can go to walk and play with the children, it improves the bonding and the helps the children emotionally and spiritually to grow as a healthy and confident human being. Child healthcare also involves the pre and post birth mother care. Task 1: The Principles Underpinning the Rights of Children to a Healthy Lifestyle and Environment 1.1 Legislation that Supports Children Rights to a Healthy Lifestyles There is good amount of legislation on this regard. Legislation is very important as it gives a structure for the services that needs to take place. Some examples of legislation that are related to child healthcare are given below. National Health Service Act 1946 (Scotland 1947) Today the healthcare in Scotland is almost free. It wasn’t always free. Before the launch of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948 most of the people had to pay for the medical care and people were reluctant to reach for proper care as it was expensive quite unaffordable for the low income families. After the World War II (1939-45) along with some other reforms the government decided to form National Health Service to provide medication according to the need, not the ability to pay for it. The organization that started with a noble cause was however hard to maintain and fund. Many changes have been made to the act; the most recent amendment was in 2006 which stated that the medication is still to be free for everyone with the exceptions of prescriptions, glasses and dentures since 1951 and many more charges has been introduced from time to time. National Health Service: Basic Structure The detailed and elaborated structure of the organization may change, but the basic structure remains approximately the same. Primary Care The primary care services comprises with medical professionals who perform day to day checkup and advice about proper diet and healthcare. The receivers of the service here are mostly the children and their families. The work of the primary care consist of- Walk-in centers Health visitors Community health centers Family doctors Dentists Opticians Pharmacists Nurses Midwives etc. Secondary Care Secondary care is mainly specialized care. It often comes as referrals from primary care. It involves emergency and more specialized treatments. For example a family doctor may refer the child to an eye specialist sensing a problem in the eyesight. Health and Safety at Work 1974 (England) The act was formed to ensure the safety of the factory workers of England and Wales. It also benefits the child health as it provides proper guidelines about safe handling of harmful objects. For example it states fire safety rules and guidelines about the use of harmful chemicals. Care Standard Act 2000 This act introduced to provide a structure of regulations for all the organizations that work for child healthcare. This act is valid in all over England with variations but the main focus of this act is to ensure that the children receive quality care and physical safety. It is a standard or framework for inspecting healthcare legislation. Education Act 2002 Under this act the local authorities, organizations, schools and educational organizations were to ‘Safeguard and Promote the Welfare of Children’. There were programs for promoting children safety practices and health care. Every Child Matters and the Children Act 2004 (England) Every child matters program is a program to promote children welfare and protect the health of the children and the child act is an act established to strengthen the program. This act gives the authority and legislation to run the program properly. This program is very helpful in this aspect as it promotes child safety and health care issues for children of all economic backgrounds and it combines the children safety and the educational professionals. 1.2 The Concept of Global Rights in Relation to Children’s Health and Well-being The United Nations Convention on the right of the Child Health is now considered to be one of the primary rights of the children all over the world. The United Nations Convention on the right of the Child (UNCRC) publishes a list of facilities and benefits that a child should rightfully be entitled to. Many of these rights are directly concerned with child health and safety issues and many of them are circumstantially related with the proper upbringing of a child as a healthy human being. When a government signs the convention it undertakes some responsibilities to ensure the children of the country with proper medication, safety and healthy environment to live in. World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization is an agency of the United Nations that is engaged in healthcare worldwide. It was established in 1948. It aims promote health globally and it also produce reports about world health issues. It actively involves with health concerned programs worldwide. Food Standards Agency (FSA) This agency is a government agency that works independently. They are responsible for the public health and consumer rights protection concerning food items. It does these works in many ways but mainly they provide and spread guideline and information about the health and food safety issues. They- Provide advices about healthy eating Manage a website with detailed food safety knowledge Launch public awareness campaigns etc. For example nowadays they are encouraging the people to be aware about the amount and quality of salt in their foods. Task 2: The Factors that Affect the Health of Children 2.1 Influence of the Wider Environment on the Lifestyle of the Children The environment has a great effect on the children’s well-being. For example a place full of noise can harm the children’s hearing ability or a dusty environment can enhance the risk of asthma or skin diseases. Environment most of the time indirectly or directly influence good health of a child. Sociological Factors The social or economic condition a child is born into holds a great importance to the children heath issues, as the children of the low earning families tend to be deprived of nutritious and healthy food as well as a clean hygienic environment. Poverty Poverty is the main sociological factor that causes poor health condition and deprivation of education of the children. A country measures poverty in two ways- Absolute poverty: Absolute poverty is the inability of the inhabitants of a country to pay for its basic needs like food, shelter, clothes, medication and education. These types of poverty are mostly seen in some underdeveloped and developing countries. Relative poverty: Relative standard of a country is measured by comparing with the standard of living of that country. People living under the standard are considered to be poor. Relative poverty is used as the base of statistical reports for most of the organizations. How Poverty Affect Families Poverty can affect the families in many ways but mainly it takes away the choices from people. When there is poverty people don’t get to decide where to live, what to eat what to feed the children because their choices are limited to what they are able to afford instead of what they would like to have for themselves. Families living under poverty are unable to take good care of their children even if they are willing enough. Effects of Living in Poverty Health Poor diet is the main reason behind health problems Lack of housing facilities may become diseases like infections, diarrhea or bronchitis. Despair and depression of the children increases the propensity of addiction to drugs Cheap and low quality products or equipment lack safety concern and can lead to accidents. Education Unavailability of study equipment or space for the children Children may lack self-confidence and feel awkward with other children Parents may not understand the reason behind their child and may not have the emotional strength to support their children. Teachers may think low of children from poor background It may be unaffordable by the parents to let their child learn extracurricular activities like singing or swimming lessons. Depression and Despair Worrying all the time for money may cause tension, depression and despair in the families Parents often feel helpless and depressed when they see their child in deprivation and cannot do anything about it Depression burns down hope when they cannot figure out any way to overcome the poverty Self-esteem, confidence and morale go down as money is the main thing that define a person’s social standard Parents often feel embarrassed to ask for help like permission to pay less for school trips. Children and Poverty A child mainly becomes the main victim of poverty. They are more prone to accident, they lack life expectancy, and their achievements are often lower. Children living under poverty miss many opportunities compared to others. Their potential talents, genius are most of the time nipped in the bud. Their parents are unable to pay for the piano lessons, sports training or even the uniform of the school so they may be able to feel equal to others. It is proved that children who deal with poverty all the time have really expectation of where they want to go or what they want to achieve in life. They often lack a good role model because they see older kids committing crimes and taking drugs and take that as a culture. Psychological Factors Children’s psychological or mental health was not considered as an important aspect of child heath in the past. However, now it is taken as a critical part of the development of a child. Children who live under poverty are susceptible to psychological problems than others. There are many factors that may have effect on the mental health of a child. Some of these factors can be short term and some can affect the children for a longer time. Signs that Show the Children Might be under Stress These signs are different for children according to the difference of individual child and their age. How the adult support them can make a great deal of difference in the upbringing of the children. There are the causes of stress among the children- Poverty Uncooperative parents Separated parents Bullying Abuse Excess pressure from parents and teachers Family problems School change Death of a close family member or a friend 2.2 The Range of Factors That May Affect the Health of Children at Different Times in Their Lives Diet and Exercise Right amount of exercise and proper diet plays a vital role in a child’s development. Breast Milk: At the earliest of a child’s life proper diet is very important. Breast milk is helpful in cognitive development and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Breast milk provides the children with antibodies that lessen risk of catching diseases at the beginning months. Awareness about the importance of breast milk should be raised by campaigning and promoting programs. As it is seen that mothers with economical disadvantages and low income are less aware of this fact, the campaigns should be mainly targeted to them. Fruits and vegetables: A child’s diet must contain a certain amount of fruits and vegetables, it is very important for the growth of the child as well as the well-being of all the body parts. Exercise: To remain healthy and to develop, exercise is a must. Exercise is mainly about playing so it should be done as a fun work rather than a disciplined organized hard work. Children from all age groups need physical exercise. The British Heart Foundation declared that young people and children need one hour of physical activity a day at the lowest. This may include dancing, walking, swimming cycling etc. Children might want to rest for a few minutes and start playing again after rest. When children start playing outdoors they learn to naturally pace themselves which is why it is really important for the children to have outdoor play opportunity. Physical exercise is now declined everywhere due to some reasons. These reasons are given below. Fear of child abuse Fear of Traffic Lack of facilities Health and Safety Domination of Computer, Media and Television Illness and Disability Illness and disability both can affect the development and health of a child, although the degree of the effect depends on the duration and nature of the disease. It is very important that the adults try to make supportive environment in spite of their illness. Some effects of illness and disability are- Child’s inability to take hard exercise. It may be consulted with the physician about what type of exercise that child can undertake. Growth and development might also be hampered by some kind of disability or illness Diet and feeding can also be restricted by some types of illness like premature diabetics. 2.3 Assessment of the effects of these factors in ways that show an understanding of the implications of each factor Diet To fulfill their energy need, the children must eat a balanced diet complete with the necessary nutrition. There are many short term and long term effects of poor diet. These include- Cardiovascular diseases Cancer Diabetics Tooth decay Poor self-image and low self esteem Weight problems Musculoskeletal diseases etc. Exercise There are some benefits of exercises given here- Simulation to the activity of brain Strengthening the muscles Hormone release Lung capacity development Improvement of digestion Development and maintenance of bone density Illness and disabilities Disabilities and illness can bring a huge effect on the health and development of a child. Short or long whatever the duration of the illness might be, it restricts the development of the children accordingly. Task 3: How to Plan and Implement Routines and Activities for Children 3.1 How to Plan and Implement routines for Children which Will Support Their Rights to a Healthy Lifestyle Planning and implementing a routine for the children can help a great deal in the development of the children. The children need proper plan and implementation of a routine containing the activities that are critical elements to leading a healthy lifestyle. These routine should include- Healthy diet Physical activities Entertainment Proper sleep Study time There are some things that should be kept in mind while preparing the routine. Children can go to the toilet or washroom whenever they want but an adult must keep notice whether the child need any kind of help or support. Children should be able to choose what he or she wants to play and the equipment must be check previously to ensure safety. Children should have the opportunity to take rest if they are tired. There should be little snack break every few hours where they can take healthy fruits or juice. There should be some time for studying every day, so they can complete their daily homework and they grow the habit of studying a little every day. The need for sleep is different for children of every age. They should have enough sleep for having a sound mind. 3.2 How to Plan and implement activities for children that can contribute to promoting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle There are some critical things that the children need for maintaining a happy and healthy life. They should be taught about this so that they learn to take care of themselves. Healthy Diet It is important for the routine to have the child eating a variety of food to keep them healthy and provide them with all necessary nutrition. From the very beginning the food of the children must contain a good number of fruit and vegetables. Junk foods and foods containing sugar should be avoided as much as possible. Children should be taught to serve for themselves so they can learn how much they can and should eat. They can learn these by- Learning at home from parents or nannies They can learn preparing and serving food and drink as an extracurricular activity in nurseries, preschools and day care They can learn about these from school, after-school and holiday clubs. Exercise As we know children need exercise to develop properly at all ages. Children should have ample scope and opportunities for playing and walking or just moving around. Babies, toddlers, school going kids everyone should have routine time and opportunity to exercise for at least an hour every day. They can practice exercise in many ways. At homes, parks or streets with adult supervision and help. At nurseries, day care centers or preschools with other kids. There are many after school or holiday club or many sports activities they can take part into. Conclusion The children are the future on the making. A healthy child is a step towards a healthy future. To protect the future of the world the children must be raised as a healthy human being and to protect their right to a healthy life the proper implication of the legislation is unavoidable. The wider environment must also be made safe for a child as it has a great impact on their growth and wellbeing. The routine of a child must contain all the elements that a child need. Healthy child means healthy future; we must protect and promote children health with honest care. Reference 1 | Page

Life or Death? - Original Writing :: Papers

Life or Death? - Original Writing That is the Question -------------------- â€Å"What you say we treat ourselves to a wild night out, honey?† â€Å"At this time it’s only 9 o’clock.† â€Å"Yeah, I mean later on, say 10 o’clock.† â€Å"Yeah sure, why not, at least that way I can show you what I’m made of.† â€Å"Alright, yeah sure.† â€Å"You go and get ready knowing beautiful girls like you take years to get ready.† â€Å"Shhhhh.† Hannah hurries off to get ready with her body full of energy and excitement, while her fiancà © Ed has a feeling of fear going through his nerves and tries to sit down and relieve this fear. Ed thought of something his closest friend used to ask him when he was a young boy. â€Å"What is your deepest fear Ed?† Ed was very young and he never had a chance to answer his questions as his inner self was perplexed with different thoughts, but none of these thoughts could group together to give him an answer of what his deepest fear really was and it was too late for him to gather an answer before his friend had passed away. Still today Ed still has nerve shocks where his conscience asks him what his deepest fear was and what is it today. â€Å"Why can’t I figure the answer out?† he asks himself. â€Å"What is my deepest fear?† â€Å"Wait, I think I got it?† â€Å"Ed, are you speaking to yourself.† Hannah bellows from the bathroom. â€Å"No, honey I’m just singing that song me and you adore.† He replied embarrassedly. â€Å"I’m ready, Ed, what do you think?† â€Å"Honestly, do really want my opinion.† â€Å"Yessss, hurry.† â€Å"You look stunning sweetheart.† â€Å"Really, thanks.† â€Å"Wait, I’ve been waiting to say this to you Hannah, I want to say, that I love you.† â€Å"Awwww, I love you too,† mutters Hannah Hannah never really used believe Ed, but she didn’t want Ed to feel that his heart didn’t mean anything to Hannah.